OS X Mavericks Update: I added steps for existing installs which upgraded to Mac OS X Mavericks. For new installs of Apache, PHP, and MySQL on Mac OS X Mavericks, continue reading.
I have installed Apache, PHP, and MySQL on Mac OS X since Leopard. Each time doing so by hand. Each version of Mac OS X having some minor difference. This post serves as much for my own record as to outline how to install Apache, MySQL, and PHP for a local development environment on Mac OS X Mountain Lion Mavericks.
I am aware of the several packages available, notably
MAMP. These packages help get you started quickly. But they forego the learning experience and, as most developers report, eventually break. Personally, the choice to do it myself has proven invaluable.
It is important to remember Mac OS X runs atop UNIX. So all of these technologies install easily on Mac OS X. Furthermore, Apache and PHP are included by default. In the end, you only install MySQL then simply turn everything on.
First, open Terminal and switch to root to avoid permission issues while running these commands.
sudo su -
Enable Apache on Mac OS X
apachectl start
Note: Prior to Mountain Lion this was an option for Web Sharing in System Prefrences → Sharing.
Enable PHP for Apache
OS X Mavericks Update: You will need to rerun the steps in this section after upgrading an existing install to Mac OS X Mavericks.
First, make a backup of the default Apache configuration. This is good practice and serves as a comparison against future versions of Mac OS X.
cd /etc/apache2/
cp httpd.conf httpd.conf.bak
Now edit the Apache configuration. Feel free to use TextEdit if you are not familiar with vi.
vi httpd.conf
Uncomment the following line (remove #):
LoadModule php5_module libexec/apache2/libphp5.so
Restart Apache:
apachectl restart
Install MySQL
- Download the MySQL DMG for Mac OS X
- Install MySQL
- Install Preference Pane
- Open System Preferences → MySQL
- Ensure the MySQL Server is running
- Optionally, you can enable MySQL to start automatically. I do.
The
README also suggests creating aliases for
mysql and
mysqladmin. However there are other commands that are helpful such as
mysqldump. Instead, I
updated my path to include
/usr/local/mysql/bin.
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
Note: You will need to open a new Terminal window or run the command above for your path to update.
I also run mysql_secure_installation. While this isn’t necessary, it’s good practice.
Connect PHP and MySQL
You need to ensure PHP and MySQL can communicate with one another. There are
several options to do so. I do the following:
cd /var
mkdir mysql
cd mysql
ln -s /tmp/mysql.sock mysql.sock
Creating VirtualHosts
You could stop here. PHP, MySQL, and Apache are all running. However, all of your sites would have URLs like
http://localhost/somesite/ pointing to
/Library/WebServer/Documents/somesite. Not ideal for a local development environment.
OS X Mavericks Update: You will need to rerun the steps below to uncomment the *vhost Include after upgrading an existing install to Mac OS X Mavericks.*
To run sites individually you need to enable VirtualHosts. To do so, we’ll edit the Apache Configuration again.
vi /etc/apache2/httpd.conf
Uncomment the following line:
Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
Now Apache will load httpd-vhosts.conf. Let’s edit this file.
vi /etc/apache2/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
Here is an example of VirtualHosts I’ve created.
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot "/Library/WebServer/Documents"
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot "/Users/Jason/Documents/workspace/dev"
ServerName jason.local
ErrorLog "/private/var/log/apache2/jason.local-error_log"
CustomLog "/private/var/log/apache2/jason.local-access_log" common
<Directory "/Users/Jason/Documents/workspace/dev">
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
The first VirtualHost points to /Library/WebServer/Documents. The firstVirtualHost is important as it behaves like the default Apache configuration and used when no others match.
The second VirtualHost points to my dev workspace and I can access it directly from http://jason.local. For ease of development, I also configured some custom logs.
Note: I use the extension local. This avoids conflicts with any real extensions and serves as a reminder I’m in my local environment.
Restart Apache:
apachectl restart
vi /etc/hosts
Add the following line to the bottom:
127.0.0.1 jason.local
I run the following to clear the local DNS cache:
dscacheutil -flushcache
Note: You will need to create a new VirtualHost and edit your hosts file each time you make a new local site.
A note about permissions
You may receive 403 Forbidden when you visit your local site. This is likely a permissions issue. Simply put, the Apache user (_www) needs to have access to read, and sometimes write, your web directory.
If you are not familiar with permissions,
read more. For now though, the easiest thing to do is ensure your web directory has permissions of
755. You can change permissions with the command:
chmod 755 some_directory/
In my case, all my files were under my local ~/Documents directory. Which by default is only readable by me. So I had to change permissions for my web directory all the way up to ~/Documents to resolve the 403 Forbidden issue.
Note: There are many ways to solve permission issues. I have provided this as the easiest solution, not the best.
Install PHPMyAdmin
Unless you want to administer MySQL from the command line, I recommend installing
PHPMyAdmin. I won’t go into the details. Read the installation guide for more information. I install utility applications in the default directory. That way I can access them under, in this case,
http://localhost/phpmyadmin.
cd /Library/WebServer/Documents/
tar -xvf ~/Downloads/phpMyAdmin-3.5.2.2-english.tar.gz
mv phpMyAdmin-3.5.2.2-english/ phpmyadmin
cd phpmyadmin
mv config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php
Closing
A local development environment is a mandatory part of the
Software Development Process. Given the ease at which you can install Apache, PHP, and MySQL on Mac OS X there really is no excuse.
